Basic definition - The alt attribute is used in HTML and XHTML documents to specify alternative text. In HTML 4.01, the attribute is required for an Image or something that fits this tag. There are some common misconceptions out there. For example the alt attribute isn't always meant for an image. It can be an alternative for the image.
If you were to look at the html code it would look like this - <img src="yoursite/home1.jpg" width="357" height="400" alt="camera - zoom lens"> or <img src="yoursite/home1.jpg" width="357" height="400" alt="man taking pictures of senior class">
When the Alt tag is done correctly then your Tag (the text string) should show if the image does not for one reason or another. This can help your on page SEO to some degree. However most people go over board and use them as keywords and then flood the page. That will make your key word saturation way to high and should be avoided. While every image should have alt tag that doesn't mean every tag should be a keyword.
Ideally you should have maybe 2 alt tags that are keyword heavy.
Good luck with your alt tags. Hope this was helpful.
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